Which type of applications commonly handle large batch processing jobs?

Applications that handle large batch processing jobs are typically databases. Databases are designed to efficiently manage and process massive amounts of data, which makes them particularly well-suited for batch processing tasks. These tasks often involve processing large sets of data in bulk over a period of time, such as performing complex queries, data transformations, or aggregations.

In batch processing, tasks are executed on a predefined set of data, allowing for a high degree of automation and efficiency. Databases often contain the necessary tools for executing these types of operations, such as stored procedures and batch execution capabilities, helping to streamline workflows and improve performance.

While other options like DNS (Domain Name System), NTP (Network Time Protocol), and middleware serve important functions, they do not specialize in the management and processing of large data sets in the way that databases do. DNS resolves domain names into IP addresses, NTP synchronizes clocks across networked devices, and middleware acts as a bridge between different applications or systems but does not inherently manage large data processing tasks.