What type of authentication involves a card and a PIN during banking transactions?

Two-factor authentication is a security mechanism that requires two different forms of identification from the user before granting access to a system. In the context of banking transactions, using a card in combination with a Personal Identification Number (PIN) exemplifies this approach. The card serves as something you have, while the PIN represents something you know. This dual requirement significantly enhances security, as an attacker would need both the physical card and knowledge of the PIN to access the account.

By requiring two distinct forms of authentication, two-factor authentication effectively mitigates the risks associated with unauthorized access, making it a widely adopted practice in securing sensitive transactions such as those in banking settings.