What term describes the transfer and synchronization of data between computing or storage resources?

The term that best describes the transfer and synchronization of data between computing or storage resources is replication. Replication involves creating copies of data from one location and transferring that data to another, ensuring that the data is synchronized across different environments or systems. This process is crucial for maintaining data availability, consistency, and reliability, particularly in distributed systems or cloud environments where resources might be located in different geographical locations.

Replication can be used for various purposes, including load balancing, disaster recovery, and ensuring that users have access to the most up-to-date information regardless of their physical location. It can involve different methods, such as asynchronous or synchronous replication, depending on the specific requirements for data consistency and latency.

While mirroring refers to creating an exact copy of data in real time, it is a specific type of replication usually focused on providing high availability rather than synchronization across various resources. Sharding, on the other hand, is a technique used to divide data into smaller pieces for storage or processing, which does not directly address the concept of data transfer and synchronization. Backsynchronization is not a widely recognized term in this context and does not accurately represent the process described in the question.