What services must be addressed to meet HIPAA requirements for confidential data storage in the cloud?

Meeting HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) requirements for the secure storage of confidential health data in the cloud requires special focus on the mechanisms that protect the actual data stored. The correct choice encompasses services that directly handle data storage and management: storage and databases.

Storage refers to the systems or services that hold the data, while databases represent structured environments where this data is organized and accessed. Ensuring that these components are compliant with HIPAA involves implementing encryption, access control, audit controls, and secure backup solutions. These measures are essential in protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of protected health information (PHI), which HIPAA is designed to safeguard.

While the other options mention various aspects that may play a role in the broader context of cloud security or data transmission, they do not focus specifically on the storage and management of data itself. For example, while a client-side component and VPN may assist in secure data transfer, they do not address the core requirements for data storage compliance under HIPAA. This highlights the importance of directly addressing the elements involved in storing data in a compliant manner when discussing HIPAA requirements.